ehxz 发表于 2004-10-9 12:23:30

网络故障检测与排除

<P><FONT color=#808000>当用户端出现网络故障时,请用户先依据以下步骤进行检测网络故障原因,看是自己计算机端故障,还是外界线路或其他故障,对于故障排除做到有的放矢。</FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT color=#ff0000>1.利用ipconfig命令:检测网卡的配置,是否获上地址。</FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT color=#808000>1.1 ipconfig:显示网卡的简单配置。</FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT color=#000080>ipconfig</FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT color=#000080>若出现如下信息,则表示获上IP,线路完全畅通:</FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT color=#000080>Windows IP Configuration

Ethernet adapter 本地连接:

Connection-specific DNS Suffix . :
IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.1.11.11(本机地址)
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10.1.11.1(本网段网关)</FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT color=#000080>若出现如下信息,则表示未获上IP,利用ipconfig/renew命令重新获取IP:</FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT color=#000080>Windows IP Configuration

Ethernet adapter 本地连接:

Connection-specific DNS Suffix . :
IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.2
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1
</FONT><FONT color=#808000>1.2 ipconfig/all:显示网卡的详细配置。</FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT color=#000080>ipconfig/all</FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT color=#000080>Windows IP Configuration

Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : Seal
Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . :
Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Unknown
IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No
WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No

Ethernet adapter 本地连接:

Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : lzu.edu.cn
Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Intel(R) PRO/100+ PCI Adapter
Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-D0-B7-E0-6D-E0
Dhcp Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes
Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes
IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.1.11.11
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10.1.11.1
DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.2
                  10.1.2.10
202.201.0.132
Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . :
Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : </FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT color=#808000>1.3 ipconfig/renew:释放并更新网卡的配置。</FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT color=#000080>ipconfig/renew</FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT color=#000080>Windows IP Configuration


Ethernet adapter 本地连接:

Connection-specific DNS Suffix . :
IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.1.11.11
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10.1.11.1

</FONT><FONT color=#808000>1.4 ipconfig/release:释放网卡的配置。</FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT color=#000080>ipconfig/release:</FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT color=#000080>Windows IP Configuration


Ethernet adapter 本地连接:

Connection-specific DNS Suffix . :
IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 0.0.0.0
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 0.0.0.0
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . :</FONT>
<FONT color=#ff0000>2、Ping命令:验证本机到被Ping目标主机的物理线路连通性。</FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT color=#808000>2.1Ping 127.0.0.1 验证本机TCP/IP协议是否安装好;</FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT color=#808000>   打开命令提示符,键入“Ping 127.0.0.1”命令</FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT color=#808000>   如出现如下所示字样,则表示本机TCP/IP协议安装完好:</FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT color=#ff0000>    </FONT><FONT color=#000080>Pinging 127.0.0.1 with 32 bytes of data:         
    Reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time&lt;10ms TTL=128
    Reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time&lt;10ms TTL=128
    Reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time&lt;10ms TTL=128
    Reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time&lt;10ms TTL=128

    Ping statistics for 127.0.0.1:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
    Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms

</FONT>   <FONT color=#3399ff></FONT><FONT color=#808000>否则如出现如下所示字样,则表示本机TCP/IP协议安装不完整,请重新添加TCP/IP协议:</FONT></P>
<P align=left>      <FONT color=#000080>Pinging 127.0.0.1 with 32 bytes of data:
    Request timed out.
    Request timed out.
    Request timed out.
    Request timed out.

      Ping statistics for 127.0.0.1:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss),
    Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms</FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT color=#808000>2.2 Ping 你的本机IP:验证你本机IP地址是否配置完成或者网卡物理属性是否完好;
    例如Ping我的本机IP(10.1.15.120——举例,实践中是你主机对应的IP),如出现如下所示字样,则表示本机IP地
    址已配置好且网卡物理属性完好:</FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT color=#ff0000>       </FONT><FONT color=#000080> Pinging 10.1.15.120 with 32 bytes of data:         
   Reply from 10.1.15.120: bytes=32 time&lt;10ms TTL=128
   Reply from 10.1.15.120: bytes=32 time&lt;10ms TTL=128
   Reply from 10.1.15.120: bytes=32 time&lt;10ms TTL=128
   Reply from 10.1.15.120: bytes=32 time&lt;10ms TTL=128

   Ping statistics for 10.1.15.120:
   Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
   Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
   Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms</FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT color=#000080>    </FONT><FONT color=#808000>否则如出现“Request timed out.”所示字样,则表示本机IP地址未配置好或网卡物理属性不好,请配置好IP地址,如果 还有问题的话请更换你的网卡或重新安装你的网卡驱动程序试一下。</FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT color=#808000>2.3 Ping 你的网关IP:验证从你本机到网关的物理线路是否连通;
例如Ping您的网关(10.1.15.1——举例,实践中是你主机对应的网关),如出现“Reply from.....”字样,则表示本机到它的网关物理线路连通性完好;否则如出现“Request timed out.”所示字样,则表示本机到它的网关物理线路连通性有故障,请联系网管解决。</FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT color=#ff0000>3. Tracert命令:跟踪数据包到达目的主机的路径,可以探测网络故障是发生在校内还是校外。</FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT color=#808000>例如跟踪到263在线站点的路由:单击操作系统的“开始”菜单,点击“运行”,在出现的“打开”命令框中键入“Tracert www.263.net”命令,可以得到类似如以下字样的结果</FONT><FONT color=#ff0000>(“—&gt;”表解释说明):</FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT color=#000080>tracert www.263.net

Tracing route to www.263.net </FONT> <FONT color=#ff0000>—&gt;解析出263在线站点的主机IP地址;</FONT>
<FONT color=#000080>over a maximum of 30 hops:
</FONT>
<FONT color=#000080>1 1 ms 2 ms 2 ms 10.1.11.2</FONT><FONT color=#ff0000>—&gt;到这一步,就说明校园网内的线路连通性完好,线路故障只能发生在校外了;</FONT><FONT color=#000080>
2 2 ms 2 ms 2 ms 10.4.2.4

3 *   *    *Request timed out</FONT>. <FONT color=#ff0000>—&gt;说明从10.4.2.4到上一级路由器之间发生了故障,导致连接不了263在线站点</FONT></P>
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